Sepanyul Line

reduce – reuse – recycle – compost

Archive for May, 2008

Biofuels, is it a new hope?

Posted by sepanyul on May 31, 2008

Prices of oil is increasing in the world’s market. Higher oil prices push up the price of fuel, energy bills and food.  Some country try to search other source of oil replacement from crude oil to fuel that can be renewable.

Biofuels are any kind of fuel made from living things, or from the waste they produce. This is a very long and diverse list, including:

  • wood, wood chippings and straw
  • pellets or liquids made from wood
  • biogas (methane) from animals’ excrement
  • ethanol, diesel or other liquid fuels made from processing plant material or waste oil
  •  

In recent years, the term “biofuel” has come to mean the last category – ethanol and diesel, made from crops including corn, sugarcane and rapeseed.  Bio-ethanol, an alcohol, is usually mixed with petrol, while biodiesel is either used on its own or in a mixture.

Ethanol for fuel is made through fermentation, the same process which produces it in wine and beer. Biodiesel is made through a variety of chemical processes. There is interest in trying biobutanol, another alcohol, in aviation fuel.

In principle, biofuels are a way of reducing greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional transport fuels. Burning the fuels releases carbon dioxide, but growing the plants absorbs a comparable amount of the gas from the atmosphere.

However, energy is used in farming and processing the crops, and this can make biofuels as polluting as petroleum-based fuels, depending on what is grown and how it is treated. So …….. 

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Presiden Meninjau Pembangkit Listrik ‘Tenaga’ Sampah

Posted by sepanyul on May 24, 2008

SHANGHAI — Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono meninjau pembangkit listrik berbahan baku sampah Shanghai Pudong City Heat Energy di Shanghai, Sabtu (28/10/2006). Presiden yang didampingi Ny Ani Yudhoyono berada di pabrik pembangkit yang mulai beroperasi tahun 2002 itu sekitar satu jam. Presiden juga didampingi sejumlah menteri seperti Menteri ESDM Purnomo Yusgiantoro dan Menlu Hassan Wirajuda.

Pembangkit listrik berbahan baku sampah itu didirikan mulai Desember 1998 lalu dengan nilai investasi 670 juta yuan. Saat ini pembangkit listrik itu memiliki kapasitas pembakaran sampah setiap hari 1.100 sampai 1.200 ton dan menghasilkan daya listrik 35 ribu- 40 ribu Kwh.

Pembakaran sampah menjadi listrik ini juga dapat mengurangi volume dan berat sampah sebanyak 90 persen yang berasal dari 1,2 juta-1,5 juta rumah tangga di Pudong. Limbah pembakaran sampah ini juga diproses sehingga tidak mengandung racun atau unsur-unsur berbahaya lain dan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bangunan dan bahan timbunan.

Presiden berharap kunjungannya ke pembangkit listri ‘tenaga’ sampah itu bisa menjadi inspirasi atau tambahan pengetahuan dalam penyelesaian sampah di Tanah Air. ”Persoalan pembuangan sampah menjadi masalah di Bandung dan Jakarta. Kita harus bandingkan dengan negara lain yang bisa mengatasi masalah itu karena memiliki manajemen, teknologi yang tepat, ramah lingkungan dan didukung masyarakat,” katanya.

Kemarin, Presiden juga mengunjungi Kota Guilian untuk menikmati dan mempelajari pengelolaan wisata. Guilian terkenal dengan objek wisata alam yaitu Sungai Li, karang stalagtit dan stalagnit di gua Reed Flute dan Gua Seven Star.

Menggunakan kapal motor wisata bertingkat dua, Presiden yang menggunakan kaos berkerah warna biru duduk semeja dengan Menlu Hassan Wirajuda dan Menteri Pariwisata dan Seni Budaya, Jero Wacik. Presiden dan rombongan memulai perjalanan di Sungai Li atau Lijiang dari dermaga Zhujiang menuju Yangshuo sepanjang 83 km dengan jarak tempuh sekitar tiga jam.

Presiden mengatakan sektor pariwisata menjadi bidang yang paling lambat pertumbuhannya di banding sektor lain, sehingga harus terus diperbaiki pengelolaannya. ”Pariwisata harus bangkit untuk bisa memberi kontribusi dalam jumlah yang makin banyak. Pariwisata seharusnya jadi andalan pertumbuhan ekonomi kita,” katanya. ant

i-library.org

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Gulma itu ternyata bukan Gulma

Posted by sepanyul on May 24, 2008

Enceng Gondok – elchronia crassipes adalah sejenis tumbuhan air yang hidup terapung di permukaan air. Perkembangannya akan semakin bagus manakala air dipenuhi limbah pertanian atau pabrik. Sehingga bisa dijadikan indikator suatu tempat yang sudah tercemar oleh limbah.

Tanaman yang dianggap sebagai gulma ini dibagi menjadi dua macam, yaitu:

  • Genjer, tumbuhan ini banyak tumbuh di area persawahan dan berdaun muda. Bunganya yang kucup dapat dijadikan sayuran untuk dikonsumsi manusia.
  • Enceng gondok, tumbuh mengapung di perairan di sekitar persawahan atau jalur aliran sungai. Tanaman ini tidak bisa dikonsumsi manusia, bahkan keberadaannya dianggap mengganggu populasi makhluk lain.

Meski dianggap mengganggu, enceng gondok ternyata berperan penting dalam mengurangi kandungan logam berat – Fe,Zn,Cu,Hg – yang terlarut di perairan. Selain itu, mempunyai kadar selulose dalam jumlah banyak. Sehingga dengan sedikit inovasi maka enceng gondok bisa diproses/diolah menjadi bahan bakar alternatif dan kompos. Wah, ternyata Gulma itu bukan Gulma, tergantung siapa yang mengucapkanya.

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Garden Composters (2)

Posted by sepanyul on May 24, 2008

Where To Put Your Compost
Whether you purchase a composting bin or make your own composter you need to make sure you have a flat, well drained place in your garden not too far away that you begrudge taking your kitchen scraps out to it. Compost bins should not be placed on concrete, patio areas etc. as you want to allow the insects, worms and microorganisms which help degradation of your waste materials the freedom to migrate into and out of your compost without hinderance.

In addition, choose a site which suits your climate. Warmth and moisture helps the composting process so place your composter in a place which receives a fair amount of sunlight and shelter from the wind if you live in a cooler climate and if in a hotter climate, ensure you give it shade to prevent it drying out.

What Materials Can You Compost?
Pretty much all your organic household and garden waste is an elligible candidate for composting although there are a few exceptions. Things to particularly avoid are meat, fish, bones, fats and oils, dairy products like milk and cheese, dog and cat droppings as these can attract animals, create foul smells as they degrade and carry nasty diseases. Also, whilst weeds and plants can be added, it is advised to dry out persisent weeds and remove seed heads before adding these. Ashes are also best avoided, as are glossy magazines although shredded paper and cardboard are fine to add. Feel free to add waste fruit and vegetables, crushed egg shells, coffee grounds (worms love them!) and tea bags, hair, leaves, grass clippings and other organic waste. As a general rule, if in doubt, leave it out but most organic waste will rot down just fine and if you shred it or cut it up smaller, it will compost faster.

How Long Before It Becomes Compost?
This depends on the balance of materials in your compost heap, the weather and the amount of time you can devote to the project. If you want to take an active managed approach to your composting then you can have afully composted pile in 3 months but if your only desire is to dispose of kitchen and garden waste in a more ‘green’ manner then it can take 6 months to a year or longer.

Managed composting can produce a ‘hot rot’ with very fast results but it does require additional effort on your behalf to keep it going. A managed, hot compost heap with an excellent balance of materials can reach temperatures of 70 degree celsius but requires regular turning and nurturing with careful layering and balance of browns and greens in the mix, shredding materials and maintaining a good moisture level.

An unmanaged cool heap is however much easier to maintain and rots down at up to 30 degrees celsius with little input from you. Just throwing your waste on the heap will give you a cooler heap which will rot down more slowly but is fine for green waste disposal purposes.

There are ways to increase the rate of the composting process in both cases by, for example, adding composting worms, or by using an activator which help speed up the process. The addition of a handful or soil now and then or horse manure will also add micro-organisms to speed up the composting process free of charge.

For The Best Compost…
…use a wide variety of different materials. The more varied the materials you add to the compost pile, the nutrient rich your final compost will be. Compost made from kitchen and garden waste is the best food for your plants and at the same time you are helping the environment and saving yourself and your local government money into the bargain.

-Mark Falco-

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Garden Composters

Posted by sepanyul on May 24, 2008

Why Compost?
Recent studies show that an average family throws away approximately 200 pounds of organic kitchen waste every year. Combine this with all the leaves, grass clippings and other organic garden waste accumulated over time and that’s a lot of household waste being added to the already mountainous waste disposal problem. Some local authorities are refusing to take away green waste from gardening and others charge for the service in an effort to curb mounting costs and then when you add in the environmental costs of adding new landfill sites, road transport emissions from ferrying all this waste around and potentially incineration and the fumes that releases the environmental advantages of composting are clear.

In slightly more selfish terms, if you are a gardener then you will know the relatively high cost of fertiliser. Well, OK an average gardener’s yearly fertiliser expenditure is not going to break the bank but when you can get fertiliser for free out of the stuff you throw away then it starts looking extremely expensive. Composting simply makes good environmental and financial sense and it’s so easy to do there’s nothing stopping you.

What Do I Need To Begin?
A compost bin, box, enclosure or handy place to put an open compost heap. Cheap plastic composters and compost bins can be bought from all good garden centers and are quite inexpensive depending on your requirements. A plastic compost bin is generally the cheapest whilst wood composters are generally more attractive additions to your garden but a little more costly. An open heap (just create a pile somewhere) is also an option but it is advisable to have some sort of cover like a tarpaulin available for colder periods of weather.

Another slightly different alternative to composting in the traditional sense is vermicomposting or wormeries. These use a special kind of worms to break down kitchen scraps producing a fine compost-like material fromtheir casts and a nutrient filled liquid plant food which is ideal for feeding indoor pot plants. If do a lot of greenhouse gardening or have a lot of houseplants then a wormery may be the best choice for the disposal of household waste.

If you do not want to actually spend money on a composter then building your own isn’t exactly difficult if you do not mind picking up a hammer and nails. Nail together a few wooden pallets for example and you’ve got an enclosure suitable for composting. For plans and ideas on how to assemble your own composter at little cost, simply head to your favourite search engine and type in phrases like “build your own composter” or “compost bin plans” for an endless supply of simple ideas typically costing under $30.

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Presiden Uji Coba Minyak Indonesia Bersatu

Posted by sepanyul on May 23, 2008

Sejumlah ilmuwan Indonesia tengah mengembangkan bahan bakar dengan memanfaatkan unsur air laut yang disebut blue energy. Bahan bakar yang mengandung hidrogen dan karbon tak jenuh sintetis ini bisa menggantikan bensin dan solar untuk kendaraan. Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono menamakan bahan bakar itu Minyak Indonesia Bersatu dalam uji coba yang digelar di kediamannya di Cikeas, Bogor, Jawa Barat, Ahad (25/11).

Minyak Indonesia Bersatu lebih hemat 15 persen dari bensin biasa. Kadar emisinya hanya sepersepuluh dari bahan bakar selama ini. Untuk biaya produksi juga jauh lebih hemat, yaitu seperlima dari membangun kilang minyak biasa. Ketika diuji, Presiden menyempatkan duduk di belakang asap knalpot bus berbahan bakar blue energy. Asap kendaraanya ternyata tidak berbau dan tak membuat mata pedih.

Presiden SBY dan sejumlah menteri kabinet selanjutnya melepas konvoi kendaraan berbahan bakar blue energy untuk menuju Bali. Mereka akan berpartisipasi meramaikan pameran di ajang Konferensi Tingkat Tinggi tentang Perubahan Iklim dan Pemanasan Global di Nusa Dua pada awal Desember mendatang.(SCTV news-RMA/Bimo Cahyo)

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Suatu Waktu di Ujung Negeri

Posted by sepanyul on May 22, 2008

Suatu ketika ditempat yang (bisa dibilang) jauh dari informasi bebas. Berdiam aku disitu untuk beberapa waktu. Alat komunikasi yang paling dianggap mudah dan murah adalah telpon seluler. Kesenangan akan utak-atik sesuatu membuatku terasa tersiksa, sampai suatu ketika kubulatkan tekad untuk mengutik HP yang selalu setia temani aku hungan dengan semua relasi “macul”. Setiap langkah sudah aku perhitungkan karena resiko yang datang akan bisa diluar perkiraan. Singkat kata “utikan” demi “utikan” berhasil dengan mulus. E398 standar berhasil aku upgrade ke E1 ROKR. Bosan dengan saftware satu pindah ke yang lain, tambah fitur ini itu, setting ini itu. Sampai suatu ketika diluar perkiraan, waktu proses flashing berjalan, tiba-tiba aliran listrik padam, “PET”, bersama itu pula “pet” juga HP ku. Sejak hari itu, aku harus terima akibat, beberapa relasi kesulitan untuk kontak, rupiahpun enggan mampir. Beberapa konter HP jelas-jelas angkat tangan tidak bisa membantu.

Dalam pikiran, E398 tidak akan pernah mati selamanya, walau banyak yang mengatakan untuk kesalahan flashing dia akan menjadi tidak lebih dari weight papper. Mulailah aku Googling, selama 2 hari akhirnya mendapat jawaban, itupun harus aku lakukan dengan percobaan. Beberapa potongan informasi aku gabungkan, akhirnya hard re-flash berhasil menyelamatkan nyawa “kekasihku” ini. Sejak itu aku berteriak bahwa E398 tidak akan pernah mati karena kesalahan flashing. I’ll always love you, till your really dead do us part.

Seandainya, itu terjadi di Jawa, di Surabaya, mungkin aku sudah pindah ke lain hati, beli HP baru, masalah selesai. Akan tetapi, dengan segala keterbatasan yang ada akhirnya memacu diri tuk kerahkan segala potensi yang ada agar segalanya kembali berjalan normal, seperti yang sudah terlalui.

Semua yang kita anggap sudah tidak berguna, kurang manfaat, atau berkurang kemampuannya, pada dasarnya dengan sedikit usaha ekstra akan bisa membahagiakan, memberikan rasa puas, sebagaimana terlahir baru. Silahkan dicoba, hidupkan lagi barang-barang yang dianggap ketinggalan jaman, tidak mode. Selama esensi dan fungsi nya tidak berubah, kenapa harus memaksi diri menjadi korban KAPITALISME.

Reduce – Reuse – Recycle – Compost

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